The Arab population stood at 363.3 million in 2012, forming 5.1 per cent of the world population, and is projected to reach 604 million by 2050. In addition to rapid population growth, the region is characterized by a sizeable youth bulge, and high urbanization rates.

Such population dynamics place enormous pressure on resources and present a challenge to the achievement of sustainable development. ESCWA strives to support countries through research, such as the biennial Population and Development Report, and in formulating economically sound, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable development policies. Its efforts are also informed by the International Conference on Population and Development, and the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing.