Wars, armed conflicts and military occupation often lead to the deterioration of health, education, economic and social services, the suspension of development programs and the displacement of large numbers of civilians. Because of gender inequality, women suffer more than men from the effects of those conflicts. The problem is compounded by the lack of attention given to women's issues in the post-conflict phase, as attention is only focused on other issues that political leaders consider more urgent, such as reconstruction, benefit sharing and redistribution of power.
 
This study, which aims to monitor the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security in three ESCWA member countries - Palestine, Lebanon and Iraq - provides case studies on these countries. It also provides an overview of the impact of wars and armed conflicts on the status of women and on mechanisms for the protection of women during conflict. It includes an overview of regional and international resolutions, conventions and conferences on the protection and promotion of women's rights. The study notes that intensive efforts in this area are still required from stakeholders, including Governments, non-governmental organizations and international organizations, to make a set of recommendations on addressing the challenges that impede the enhancement of women's role in decision-making on conflict resolution and peace-building.