In an increasingly globalized world, international migration is an expanding and multifaceted phenomenon. In order to understand the origins and effects of migration, the specific contexts in which it occurs require detailed analysis. This report assesses the migration policies of countries in the ESCWA region and addresses their shortcomings by examining such forms of migration as refugees and trafficking, evaluating their causes and investigating both their positive and negative consequences, which include the alleviation of poverty, brain drain and unemployment.

This study recognizes the important role of the State as an engine of growth in achieving development goals, including its fundamental role in the development of the private sector. This is particularly relevant in countries affected by conflict in the ESCWA region due to the weak nature of the private sector and, therefore, the need for an increasingly responsible role of the State during the period of transition to a moreresilient and developed private sector.





The Abstract presents socioeconomic data from the region at the macro-level, covering many topics. The figures were drawn from national and international sources.

This module, implemented within a United Nations Development Account (DA) project on “Developing the capacities of ESCWA member countries to address the water and energy nexus for achieving Sustainable Developing Goals”, tackles water and energy issues from a technology transfer perspective. The aim is to further cooperation between Arab countries across industrial sectors to enhance resource efficiency and the use of renewable energy, for operations such as use and maintenance of water and energy utilities, oil and gas processes, or irrigation. The module also aims to assist authorities in the creation of environments that are more conducive to, and supportive of, technology transfer.