This report explains the political framework, particularly the events of 1948-1967 and 1967-1987, the First Intifada, the Oslo Years and the Second Intifada. This period led to the serious deterioration of the life of the Palestinian population and women have taken on more of the family responsibilities and burdens because of the worsening economic conditions. The document also explains the gender gaps in Palestinian society through different factors: the age and distribution of the population, the fertility and mortality rates and the types and status of Palestinian households. Furthermore, it studies the situation of Palestinian women within the context of socio-economic development in many areas, such as the political participation, the labor and economy, the poverty, the education, the legal rights and health.