With the exception of the countries of the Gulf subregion, the agricultural sector and agricultural exports are vital to Arab countries. This study reviews and analyses recent developments in the negotiations on agriculture within the framework of the Doha Round and of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement on agriculture and its implementation, including the elimination of trade barriers, market access and reduction of subsidies and tariffs. It tackles Arab agricultural exports and their need to adapt to market requirements, in addition to the adverse impact of high technical specifications and environmental requirements set by the European markets. The study was prepared by a team composed of ESCWA, the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development and an external expert.