The energy situation in the industry in the Arab region - Energy efficiency indicators in Intensive Energy Consuming Industries.

This report focuses on the analysis of the most recent socio-economic developments to meet two objectives. The first one aims at demonstrating the analytical observation of routinely monitored economic and social variables of the Arab region. The second area of focus aims at an in-depth analysis on the regional impacts of ongoing fiscal reforms. In particular, an analysis of the implementation of a value-added tax in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and the major fiscal reforms in Tunisia and Egypt are undertaken.

This study is divided into four sections. The first reviews the three main provisions of Article 33 by outlining the structure, composition and functions of the main institutional frameworks for implementing and monitoring the Convention. Where possible, examples from other countries around the globe are provided to illustrate the implementation of Article 33 in practice. The second section reviews the current state of implementation of Article 33 in the Arab region. The authors use information collected from a questionnaire sent to member States of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)to illustrate key regional trends regarding Arab countries’ institutional setups in relation to Article 33. Finally, the paper outlines potential opportunities and challenges for Arab States in implementing Article 33 and concludes with some recommendations for further improving government compliance with the Convention.

ESCWA has developed a prototype of a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that can be used as a quantitative tool to link Sustainable Development Goals among each other and with various economic, fiscal, environmental, and social variables and to integrate SDGs in economic planning.