he study examines challenges of fiscal policy responses to public debt in the middle-income Arab countries and advocates that governments need to consider a well strategized debt-stabilizing framework that can be growth and fiscal sustainability enhancing. 

This paper estimates the financing gap for Arab countries with low income and/or diversified economy, which in 2009 ranged between US$54.5 and US$57.9 billion.

During the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), the international community has refined the definition of the green economy to make it more balanced, flexible and effective. In this new approach, green economy is defined by local, national and regional needs and priorities rather than being a top-down economic model. Thus, there is no single interpretation of the green economy, but rather various green economies.

Discussions and ongoing debates on Arab women’s rate of economic participation, which is lower than any other region of the world, have emphasized the failure to turn educational gains of the past decade or so into increased participation in the labour force. The present study offers a new reading of current data and key indicators on women’s employment and education attainments to identify structural barriers that have impeded the process of fostering women’s employment.